While there had been previous attacks, against BIOS, they often relied on having a BIOS that was wide open. Only a single previous publication had successfully attacked a BIOS and altered its contents, even though the BIOS should ostensibly be un-alterable except in the presence of a signed BIOS update. This talk presented the second ever BIOS exploit (VU#912156), and a third way to also bypass the signed update requirement (VU#255726-not-yet-published).